How Australia makes and receives money
The economy, public revenue, customers, investors and the paths money takes.
Read the accountGo beneath
the headline.
The collected research, organised around how Australia works. Start with an explanation, inspect the tables and follow the original sources. These are dated accounts, not live readings.
Money
Where government money comes from and goes
Tax and non-tax revenue, spending, GST, state transfers, borrowing and debt.
Read the accountHow the tax system works
Income tax, company tax, GST, royalties, excise and state and council taxes.
Read the accountWhat we sell, buy and finance
Export products and customers, imports, foreign investment and income flowing overseas.
Read the accountOwnership
Big business, ownership and the public return
Corporate tax records, resource payments and owners of major infrastructure.
Read the accountAPLNG: follow the owners and the money
Who owns and finances one gas business, what it sells, and where its cash goes.
Read the accountWho has economic and institutional power?
Market concentration, supplier terms and the evidence on influence.
Read the accountAssets
Natural assets and future liabilities
Resources, environmental condition, rehabilitation and obligations left behind.
Read the accountInfrastructure, skills and critical supplies
Productive capacity, research, infrastructure and dependence on imported fuel.
Read the accountPeople
Household security and living standards
Income, wealth, financial stress and the ability to withstand a shock.
Read the accountHousing, place and opportunity
Housing costs, access, location and the limits of the national measures.
Read the accountPublic services and who misses out
Health, disability and aged-care access alongside spending and delivery.
Read the accountPaid work, unpaid care and time
The contributions that national revenue and wages alone cannot describe.
Read the accountFirst Nations rights, priorities and control
Outcomes, legal interests, decision-making and the limits of public records.
Read the accountSocial connection, trust and voice
Who has support, belonging and meaningful access to civic decisions.
Read the accountEvidence
Evidence, sources and unanswered questions
What the collected records establish, where they came from and what remains unknown.
Read the accountMoney, living standards and public value
Read the national findings together and see their coverage limits.
Read the accountWhat the research covers
Checked observations, incomplete coverage and questions still unanswered.
Read the accountHow the evidence was checked
Source notes, periods, methods and reproducibility checks.
Read the accountCorrections made during research
Interpretation problems found and corrected in the source work.
Read the accountExplore the existing public accounts.
The connected asset map and service accounts remain part of the same website.